Book
Level 5
502
unit 1
Exercise 10
Veronica: My husband is from Brazil, and I’m from Ukraine. We’re planning to raise our children to be multilingual. They’ll speak English in school, but my husband’s gonna talk to them in Portuguese and I’m gonna use Ukrainian. At meals, we’ll use either Portuguese or Ukrainian. It’ll be okay if our children respond to us in English. The important thing is that they’re gonna be hearing languages other than English.
Exercise 21
Reporter: Hello, I’m here in Chicago on a bright sunny day because I’m attending the annual “Kevin Party”, which is a picnic gathering of people whose names are Kevin. My name isn’t Kevin, but I‘m talking to a Kevin who is attending the party, Kevin Anderson. Hi Kevin. Is this your first time attending this event?
Kevin: Hello! No no, this is my third year coming up to Chicago. I come every year from Florida
Reporter: Wow! What draws you to this event every year?
Kevin: I love this event because I always meet new and interesting people… named Kevin!” [laughs] Even though I didn’t know anyone the first year, I met a lot of great people, and some of them have become my friends. I like coming back every year so that I can catch up with them and meet new people too.
Reporter: That is a great story, but it must be expensive to travel from Florida every year.
Kevin: Yeah, yeah it is expensive, so I save money all year for my trip. At first, I had to pay for the flight and a place to stay. Now, I either stay at a friend’s house or share a hotel with another Kevin, so it is cheaper now to attend.
Exercise 23
Hey all, Preston here. It’s that time of year: outdoor activities, camping, campfires… and that means my all-time favorite dessert: S’mores! So, I’m gonna show you all how to make a s’more the right way!
Okay, so you’re gonna need a few marshmallows, some chocolate and a box of graham crackers.
First, prepare your s’more. Take two pieces of chocolate and two graham cracker squares. Put one piece of chocolate on each square and set them near the fire. This is important because it softens up the chocolate.
Next, roast one marshmallow over the campfire. Get it nice and crispy brown but don’t let it catch fire!
Finally, set that roasted marshmallow down on one of the chocolate/graham cracker pieces, sandwich it with the other square and BAM you’ve got the best s’more! Yum….
unit 2
Exercise 6
Host: Welcome to the podcast. Today we are speaking with two students who have done a survey and have made a big discovery for the university! Welcome Hannah and Toshiaki.
Hannah and Toshiaki: Hi, thanks. Thanks for inviting us.
Host: Tell me about your project and what happened.
Hannah: Well, for statistics class we had to conduct a survey and then make a report. And since everyone was enrolling in classes at the time, we decided to survey students about their majors and the classes they were taking.
Host: What did you discover?
Toshiaki: We learned that about 50% of second year students haven’t declared a major yet. And the main reason is because they haven’t been able to meet with their advisor. The advisors have too many students to see, and it is hard to get an appointment. We also discovered that 25% of students have never talked to a professor in their major.
Hannah: We also discovered that about 75% of students have already taken a class in their intended major. But for many students, they haven’t taken a class yet because there were no seats available. One student we talked to has tried to take a major class for two semesters but can’t get a seat.
Host: I’m really surprised by those findings! What did the university do?
Toshiaki: Well, first, they have already hired more advisors so that students can meet their advisor more easily. Also, they have added more sections of classes since last year so more students can take major classes. We’d like to redo our survey to see if things have changed.
Pronunciation Note – Contractions with “Have”
He /z/ finally arrived. (He’s finally arrived)
Mike /əs/ already eaten. (Mike’s already eaten)
They /v/ finally arrived. (They’ve finally arrived)
How /əv/ you been? (How’ve you been)
We /d/ been studying. (We’d been studying)
Nico /əd/ already heard the news. (Nico’d already heard the news)
Exercise 23
- She’d seen him once or twice over the weekend.
- Abby said that she hadn’t made chocolate mousse before.
- I’ve been focusing on my academics lately, so I haven’t been going to many parties.
- Have you taken the TOEFL yet? How did you do?
- Who have you talked to about choosing a major?
- I‘ve been considering majoring in Chemistry or Molecular Biology.
- By the time my roommate got home last night, I‘d been asleep for three hours.
- When I applied for the manager position, I‘d been working at the store for two years.
It’s been really cold this fall, but it hasn’t snowed yet.
Exercise 33
- By the time he turns 40, Mark will have become a famous architect, and he will have designed many structures around the world.
- In five years, Lisa will have established herself as a leading fashion designer with her own successful clothing line.
- By the end of the decade, Alex will have become a respected expert in astrophysics, and he will have published several research papers in the field.
- In ten years, Michael will have demonstrated exceptional leadership skills, and he will have succeeded at becoming a top executive in a multinational corporation.
- By the time she completes her MBA, Emily will have secured a high-profile position in investment banking.
- In three years, David will have improved his cooking skills, and he will have opened his own restaurant.
- By the end of his training, James will have flown various airplanes, and he will have become a skilled pilot.
- In five years, Rachel will have started her own law firm, and she will have won several important trials.
- By the time she retires, Susan will have made important contributions to the field of environmental conservation.
Pronunciation Note – Contractions for Future Perfect Tenses
will have been can sound like /wɪlhəvbɪn/
will = /wɪl/
have = /əv/
been = /bɪn/
I’ll have been might sound like I’ll’ve been (/ɑːɭəvbɪn/)
Here are some examples:
I’ll’ve graduated by the time you visit.
By February, she’ll’ve been working for us for three years.
We’ll’ve made a decision by the time you arrive.
They’ll’ve forgotten me in 15 years.
By 2100, the world’s temperatures’ll’ve increased by 1.5 degrees.
Exercise 38
Teacher: Good morning class! Today we are going to talk about our future plans. I want to give you some dates in the future, and you tell me what you’ll’ve been doing by then. Okay, here is the first day: this Friday.
Student 1: By this Friday, we’ll all’ve completed our essay assignment!
Teacher: Great! And by Monday, I’ll’ve finished grading them! Next time: April 1st.
Student 2: I’ll’ve taken the TOEFL test by April 1st, and hopefully I’ll’ve passed it.
Teacher: I will keep my fingers crossed for you! Okay, here is your last time: this time next year.
Student 3: By this time next year, I’ll’ve enrolled in academic classes at the university.
unit 3
Exercise 7
Happiness is a feeling we have when we feel satisfied with our lives. Research has shown that happiness is a common priority for people all over the world.
Some psychologists believe that happiness is achieved when a person meets their basic needs and can achieve their full potential. Others believe that happiness is a result of the genes our parents pass down to us. Still other psychologists think that the happiness a person feels can be changed by participating in activities that are interesting and challenging.
So, in summary, one group of psychologists believe that you have a general level of happiness all the time. The other group believes that you can do things to change the level of happiness you feel.
Exercise 15
Kazumi: Okay, let’s make a packing list for our trip to Florida. What do we need to pack?
Carlos: We definitely need some sunscreen! Do we have any in the apartment?
Kazumi: No, we don’t have any. I can’t find any aloe vera either. We will need to buy some. We also need to buy some sunglasses for you.
Carlos: That’s right, I forgot that I broke my old pair. We can’t forget to pack some sandals for us both, too.
Kazumi: Don’t forget to pack the cover for my tablet! I don’t want to get any sand in it when I’m reading on the beach.
Carlos: Good idea. Did you pack any beach towels yet?
Kazumi: No, but I’ll go get some from the closet.
Exercise 29
Vincent: Finals week is coming up. We need to make plans for the study night our Psychology class is hosting! Do you have any ideas for it?
Gwen: Yes, one idea I had was to make waffles for everyone, and another is to invite emotional support animals to the event.
Vincent: I like your idea for waffles, but I’m not sure about the other one. What kind of animals are you thinking about?
Gwen: Well, I volunteer at a hospital and there is an organization that brings dogs to visit the patients. I was thinking we could invite them. But if you don’t like that idea, I have others as well!
Vincent: No, I like that idea! In my psychology class, we read about how animals can help us deal with stress and other feelings like anxiety. Another activity we could do at study night is meditation breaks! What was the other idea you had?
Gwen: Haha, I was thinking about a similar activity: yoga. That is another method to reduce stress.
Vincent: Perfect. We just need to be sure we give everyone time to study too!
Exercise 30
All children go through a picky eating stage. This is when they develop very strong opinions about food. For example, some children may not want to eat peas or other children may not eat any food that is green. Another typical opinion is that they don’t want different foods to touch each other.
Many parents wonder what to do about the picky eater in their house. Parenting experts make two solutions. First, experts suggest that picky eating is actually a child’s attempt to be independent. So, if it isn’t affecting their health or growth, let them make a few decisions about what they eat. The other solution is to let them help in shopping and cooking, so they feel included.
Exercise 35
Working from home or remote work has become very popular in the last few years. But many companies want their employees to return to the office. Some companies are allowing workers to only work in the office a few days a week. Other companies are finding other ways to encourage their employees to return to the office. For example, some companies are allowing their employees to bring their pets to work.
One company has allowed their workers to have their pet at their desk with them. Another company has created a “pet-friendly” floor so that the people who prefer not to work around animals can work peacefully. However, few employees were unhappy about the new policy, and the company received no complaints. In fact, many employees who don’t have pets benefited from having their co-workers pets in the office. Almost all of the employees said they felt their spirits lifted because of the new pet policy.
unit 4
Exercise 7
Studies have found that tourism contributes a lot to carbon emissions. Flying in airplanes accounts for about half of the carbon emissions. But there are hidden sources as well. For example, another source of pollution is from making souvenirs that tourists buy. So, if you would like to reduce your carbon footprint, follow some of these tips.
The first tip is not flying to nearby destinations. Taking a train, bus, or car is sometimes better than a plane.
Next, you can reduce emissions by turning down the air conditioning or heating where you are staying. Also, many hotels have the option of not getting new towels and linens every day. This saves electricity and water by reducing laundry loads.
The final tip is eating local foods. If the food is from the area you are visiting, it uses less fossil fuels. Not eating out of season fruit or vegetables is another way to reduce emissions.
By following these tips, you can actively contribute to reducing your carbon footprint while you are enjoying your travels.
Exercise 13
Oskar: Hi Susanna! Did you hear about the bomb cyclone heading our way?
Susanna: I heard a bad storm was coming. Is that what they are calling it?
Oskar: Yes. It means that we are going to get a lot of snow! We need to get prepared.
Susanna: Good idea. What should we do?
Oskar: Well, carrying warm blankets and water in your car is important for people who are driving in this weather. If you get stuck in the storm, you need to stay warm. And if it lasts too long, getting dehydrated can be a problem too.
Susanna: For us students, making sure we have our waterproof clothes and boots will be important. Walking to class in the snow in normal shoes would be unpleasant!
Oskar: No kidding! But just being prepared to be stuck at home for a few days is important for everyone. Let’s go to the grocery store and make sure we have enough food.
Exercise 22
For our next vacation, my family and I have decided to go to an eco-tourism resort in Costa Rica. We will go hiking with local guides who know the rainforest. These guides will help my dad go birdwatching for native birds. He is very excited about that. My sister will be able to go surfing at an eco-surf camp where they will also do a beach clean-up. My mom wants to go shopping in the town and meet local crafters and vendors. My family has agreed that from now on, when we go traveling, we will pay more attention to where we go and what we do. We want to avoid not thinking about our effect on the environment.
Exercise 31
Marika: Living in a desert isn’t easy. I’m definitely guilty of wasting water sometimes.
Jan: I know, I was used to brushing my teeth with the water running, but now I turn it off.
Marika: There are a lot of people who live here though, it must be hard to stop them all from using too much water. Our city takes advantage of melting snow in the springtime to fill our water reserves. But when there is not enough snow, there’s not enough water either.
Jan: Wow, I never thought about that. I believed that we just got water from the lake.
Marika: We do! But instead of coming from a river or from under the ground, the water comes from the snow. And have you noticed that the level of water in the lake is going down?
Jan: I did notice that. I would be interested in learning more about how we can conserve water. How do we keep ourselves from wasting it?
Marika: Changing our habits will be hard, but did you know we are experiencing a drought? I don’t think I’ll complain about getting wet when it rains anymore! I’ll be thankful for the water!
Jan: Agreed! Plus, I will have a reason for not doing the dishes now!
Marika: Oh no, don’t even think about doing that. We just need to use the dishwasher more
unit 5
Exercise 1
It is difficult for a young adult to set out on their own. Often, they have never worried about paying rent or cooking for themselves. Sometimes, they have to be reminded to do their laundry regularly. However, the most challenging is that young adults struggle to manage their money. In the beginning, they often fail to make a budget, so they don’t know how much they earn and how much they spend. This can cause them to go into debt. So, it is important to teach young adults financial literacy. In other words, they need to know how to manage their money
Exercise 21
Rowena: Thank you for meeting with me. I’ve never had a financial advising session before.
Advisor: I’m happy to help you! What do you hope to learn about today?
Rowena: I would like to get my spending under control. I also need to make a plan for saving money, and I want to learn a little more about retirement.
Advisor: I can help you achieve all of those goals. It can be difficult to know where to start.
Rowena: It is. I struggle to keep track of where I spend my money every month, and sometimes I run out. So, I have to force myself not to buy anything until my next paycheck. That is hard because sometimes I need to buy food or gas for my car.
Advisor: Well, let’s look at how much you earn each month and start a budget. Once you learn to keep track of your money, you’ll be able to think about saving.
unit 6
Exercise 9
Signing up for FriendFlow has never been easier. Just follow these simple instructions for creating an account on our platform. You have to download the app from the app store of your choice and install it on your mobile phone. Open the app and tap “sign up” to create a new account.
You must enter your phone number or an email address in order to create an account. After you enter this information, you will have to select a username that is different from your email address. Try to choose something that is unique and reflects your personality.
To keep your account safe, you’ve got to choose a strong password. Try to use a password that has letters, numbers, and symbols. Strong passwords will reduce the chance of your account getting hacked.
The next step is to upload a profile picture. If you don’t have a picture ready, you can come back to this step. And that is it! You have opened a FriendFlow account.
Exercise 15
Welcome back to TechParent, a blog about parenting in the digital age. Today we are discussing how to manage social media use in younger children. What do you think? Should children be allowed to use social media?
Well, many experts suggest that children may use it as long as you set some good guidelines. Here are a few examples. You should monitor your child’s usage, so a guideline may be that your child must give you the password to their social media accounts. An alternative is to say that children may not use social media without you being present.
Another example is limiting the platforms your child can use. In our house, my children are not allowed to use TikTok until they are 13 years old. But they may use Facebook as long as they share their password. However, they must not post photos of themselves without talking to us first.
Let’s take a break. Tweet me with rules that you have around social media in your house.
Section 6.6 Pronunciation Note
The not in shouldn’t can be hard to hear.
He shouldn’t copy your answers.
We shouldn’t drive in the snow.
The had in had better/had better not can also be hard to hear.
You’d better not miss another class.
They’d better prepare for the test.
Ought to sounds like otta.
She ought to apologize for being late.
It’s late and I ought to go home.
unit 7
Exercise 8
Example: My professor was impressed by my research paper.
- The building was constructed using sustainable building techniques.
- The website was redesigned to improve visitors’ experience.
- The shape of the building was inspired by the surrounding landscape.
- The ancient ruins in Greece have been admired for centuries.
- Plans to remodel the library were made by the university president.
- Hostile architecture is designed to control how people use the space.
- People are discouraged from sleeping on benches by the installation of armrests.
- My brother was trained by a famous architect.
- We were amazed by the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
- I have been told that I have a good eye for design.
Exercise 14
Example: The pond was filled in two hours.
- A landscape designer was hired to redesign the front yard.
- The designer had been recognized for their outstanding designs.
- A landscaping service was being considered until my brother volunteered to help.
- Our garden was featured by a local gardening magazine.
- The surrounding landscape had been included in the garden design.
- In our neighborhood, grass was being removed during the drought.
Exercise 28
Example: When the bridge was built, it altered the natural habitat of the river.
- Many nations contributed funds to construct the space station.
- The audience asked the architect many questions about his design at the council meeting.
- The politicians ignored the environmental protestors as they entered the meeting to approve the mine expansion.
- In many rural towns, new construction is displacing long-time residents.
- In California, the building codes require new buildings to include earthquake protection.
- In preparation for sea level rise, New Jersey architects asked the city to consider new lifted designs for houses.
Exercise 34
Example: We shouldn’t have been told that secret.
- Before you put that picture online, the colors must be adjusted to match our brand.
- Software programs can only be used if the IT department approves them.
- I’m so stressed! My project was supposed to have been completed yesterday, and I missed the deadline.
- You ought to have been contacted by the design firm by now. They interviewed you two weeks ago!
- My work should be presented to the client this afternoon. I hope they like it!
Exercise 40
Ava: Hey, Mia! How was your shopping trip yesterday? Did you end up getting anything?
Mia: Yeah! I found a new pair of leggings and a cozy sweater to get comfortable in.
Ava: Nice, those sound perfect for lounging around. Did you find anything to wear to Rachel’s birthday party next week?
Mia: Actually, I did! I got a really cute dress.
Ava: Oh, fun! We’ll have to get dressed for the party at my house so I can see it!
Mia: Definitely. And speaking of getting ready, I also bought some new makeup.
Ava: Ooh, that sounds exciting. What colors did you get?
Mia: I got a mix of neutrals and brights, so I can switch up my look depending on my mood.
Ava: That’s perfect.
Mia: I got frustrated at the end though. I found a pair of shoes I liked that were on clearance for almost half off! But I couldn’t find a pair that fit. I was starting to get angry, but then I realized I was just getting hungry, so I decided to go home.
Ava: Well, it sounds like you ended up finding some great stuff even if you couldn’t get any shoes. Maybe we can go back together this weekend. Now I’m getting anxious about what I’m going to wear to the party!
unit 8
Exercise 10
Professor: Today, class, we will talk about forms that cultural practices take. Let me give you some examples that you should note down. Here’s the first example: clothing that people wear in different cultures is heavily influenced by the climate or weather of their region. Here’s another example. The food that has developed over time is usually reflective of cultural and environmental influences. Art is another cultural practice. For example, dances that people perform have been passed down for generations. Our next guest speaker whom you will meet tomorrow is considered an expert in traditional indigenous dance.
Exercise 18
Podcast host: Welcome back to “Issues in Anthropology”. Today we will cover a topic that has sparked a lot of debate in recent years: museums returning artifacts to the countries from which they came.
Through history, museums have housed and protected cultural artifacts from around the world. These items are part of the history and culture of the people who they represent. However, many of these artifacts can be found in museums that are not in the country for which they have historical significance. This has led to calls for these artifacts to be returned to their rightful owners.
The argument for returning these artifacts is strong. Many argue that the people who created these cultural items did not consent to them being taken. They were taken by colonizing forces against whom the indigenous populations were fighting. It is argued that these cultural and historical items should be returned to the people who made them.
On the other hand, there are those who argue that museums are the best places to protect these artifacts. They argue that these artifacts benefit from the preservation methods which museums have experts for. Returning them to the countries from which they were taken could put them at risk of damage or destruction.
Ultimately, the decision to return these artifacts is a complex one for which there is no easy answer. However, what is clear is that the conversation around the repatriation of cultural artifacts is an important one that must continue.
Exercise 39
- Did you hear about the man who rode his bike across the USA?
- My friend Jared, who’s from New Zealand, has visited 34 countries.
- Mei Mei found a wallet, which was on the sidewalk in front of our building.
- Can you hand me the notebook that’s on the counter in the kitchen?
- We went out to dinner at a new restaurant, which had really good food.
- I want to visit the new store that opened on Main Street.
- Coffee, which is a popular morning drink, makes my stomach hurt.